An independent study focusing on the aggregated revenues of a select list of nanotechnology companies has estimated that the 2022 economic impact of nanotechnology on the U.S. economy was between billion and billion and close to a trillion dollars over the past two decades . This dwarfs the U.S. Government’s investment of around billion over that same timeframe, which corresponds to the nation’s prioritization of the field through the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI).